PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.